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電力系統

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)是由發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、送變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路、供配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所和(he)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等環節組(zu)成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)生產與消費系(xi)統(tong)。它的功(gong)能(neng)(neng)是將自(zi)然界的壹次能(neng)(neng)源通過發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)力(li)裝置轉化(hua)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，再經輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)供應(ying)(ying)到各(ge)(ge)用(yong)戶。為實現(xian)這壹功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)環節和(he)不同(tong)層次還具有相應(ying)(ying)的信息(xi)與控制系(xi)統(tong)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的生產過程進行測量、調(diao)節、控制、保護、通信和(he)調(diao)度，以保證用(yong)戶獲得安全、優質的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的主體結(jie)構有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)（水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)等發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)），變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)（升壓變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)、負荷中心(xin)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)等），輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路和負荷中心(xin)。各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)點還(huan)互相聯接(jie)以(yi)實現不同地(di)區之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能交換和調節(jie)，從而提高(gao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的安全性(xing)和經濟性(xing)。輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路與變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)構成的網(wang)絡通(tong)常稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力網(wang)絡。

建築電氣

隨(sui)著經濟的(de)發展，城市建(jian)設日新月異，現代(dai)建(jian)築(zhu)內(nei)部辦公專(zhuan)業設施齊全，自動化(hua)程度高，為了保證現代(dai)建(jian)築(zhu)電(dian)氣整體運(yun)行的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)、安全性(xing)及智能化(hua)設備的(de)先(xian)進性(xing)，電(dian)氣工程中的(de)強、弱電(dian)系統安裝(zhuang)方法和安裝(zhuang)質量至(zhi)關重要。

工業控制系統

隨著企業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網絡(luo)的(de)(de)深入應用(yong)與日臻完善，現(xian)場(chang)(chang)控制信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)進入信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網絡(luo)實(shi)現(xian)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監控是(shi)必(bi)然的(de)(de)趨勢。為(wei)提高企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)社會效益(yi)和經濟效益(yi)，許(xu)多企業(ye)(ye)都(dou)在盡力建立全(quan)方位(wei)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)系統，它必(bi)須包括生(sheng)產現(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)據信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，以確保實(shi)時(shi)(shi)掌握生(sheng)產過程(cheng)的(de)(de)運行狀態，使企業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)決(jue)策科學化(hua)，達到(dao)生(sheng)產、經營(ying)、管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)最優化(hua)狀態。信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)壹控制壹體化(hua)將為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)企業(ye)(ye)綜合(he)自(zi)動化(hua)CIPA（computerintegratedplantautomation）和企業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)創造(zao)有(you)利條件。
企業信息網絡(luo)與控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統在體系(xi)結構(gou)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程上(shang)的(de)相(xiang)似性不是偶(ou)然的(de)。在計算機控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)，每壹(yi)(yi)種(zhong)結構(gou)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)出(chu)現(xian)總是滯後於(wu)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)計算機技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。實(shi)際上(shang)，大多數情況下(xia)，正(zheng)是在計算機領(ling)域壹(yi)(yi)種(zhong)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)出(chu)現(xian)以(yi)後，人(ren)們才開始研究如何將(jiang)這種(zhong)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)於(wu)控制(zhi)(zhi)領(ling)域。鑒於(wu)兩種(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)環境(jing)的(de)差異，其中(zhong)的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)細(xi)節作了適當修改和補充，但關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)原理(li)及(ji)實(shi)現(xian)上(shang)，它(ta)們有許多共同的(de)地(di)方。正(zheng)是由於(wu)二者在發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)這種(zhong)關(guan)系(xi)，使得實(shi)現(xian)信息壹(yi)(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)壹(yi)(yi)體化成為可能(neng)。